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<title>Funerary text</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Funerary text</span></span>

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<p><b>Funerary texts</b> or <b>funerary literature</b> feature in many belief systems. Its purpose is usually to provide guidance to the newly deceased or the soon-to-be-deceased about how to survive and prosper in the <a href="Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_texts" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary texts">Ancient Egyptian funerary texts</a></div>

<p>The most famous example of funerary literature is that of the <a href="Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptians</a>, whose <i><a href="Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i> was buried with the deceased to guide him or her through the various trials that would be encountered before being allowed into the afterlife. The <i>Book of the Dead</i> followed a tradition of Egyptian funerary literature that dated back as far as the 26th century BC.

</p><p>Similar practices were followed by followers of the cult of <a href="Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>, who lived in southern <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> in the 6th–1st century BC. Their dead were buried with gold plates or laminae on which were inscribed directions about the afterlife.

</p><p>In <a href="Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, the <i><a href="Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Gelbert-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and parts of the <i><a href="Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> serve as funerary texts.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval">Medieval</h2></div>

<p><a href="Tibetan_Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Buddhists">Tibetan Buddhists</a> still make use of the <i><a href="Bardo_Thodol" title="Bardo Thodol">Bardo Thodol</a></i> (also known as ""Tibetan Book of the Dead"", dating to ca. the 8th century), which describes the experiences of the mind after death. It is recited by <a href="Lama" title="Lama">lamas</a> over a dying or recently deceased person, or sometimes over an effigy of the deceased.

</p><p><a href="Pure_Land_Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Land Buddhists">Pure Land Buddhists</a> regularly recite the <i><a href="Amitabha_Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha Sutra">Amitabha Sutra</a></i>, which describes the Buddha <a href="Amitabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha">Amitabha</a> and Sukhavati, the Western Pure Land, in brief detail. It is ordinarily recited at funerals or at memorial services.

</p><p>In late 15th-century <a href="Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <i><a href="Ars_moriendi" title="Ars moriendi">Ars moriendi</a></i> ("The Art of Dying Well") became one of the most popular and widely circulated early printed books. It was published in <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> around 1470 as a guide to how to meet Death and avoid the temptations (Impatience, Pride, Avarice, etc.) that would consign a soul to <a href="Purgatory" title="Purgatory">purgatory</a> or, worse, to <a href="Hell" title="Hell">hell</a>.

</p><p>The <i>Funeral Oration</i> (<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halotti_besz%C3%A9d" class="extiw external" title="hu:Halotti beszéd">Halotti beszéd</a>) is the oldest extant record of the <a href="Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian language</a>, dating back to 1192–1195. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01955/html/index282.html">[1]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060210154349/http://users.tpg.com.au/etr/oldhu/halotti.html">[2]</a>)

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern">Modern</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Obituary" title="Obituary">Obituary</a> and <a href="Epitaph" title="Epitaph">Epitaph</a></div>

<ul><li><i><a href="Bardo_Thodol" title="Bardo Thodol">Bardo Thodol</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Orphic_poems_and_rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphic poems and rites">Orphic poems and rites</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Ars_moriendi" title="Ars moriendi">Ars moriendi</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFGelbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Gelbert, Carlos (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/"><i>Ginza Rba</i></a>. Sydney: Living Water Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780958034630</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Buckley2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buckley2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2010" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). <i>The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history</i>. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-59333-621-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>William Caxton, The book of the craft of dying, and other early English tracts concerning death (1917)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Death_and_mortality_in_art74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Death#Society_and_culture" title="Death">Death</a> and mortality in art</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="All_flesh_is_grass" title="All flesh is grass">All flesh is grass</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Carpe_diem" title="Carpe diem">Carpe diem</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Consolatio" title="Consolatio">Consolatio</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">Danse Macabre</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Death_and_the_Maiden_(motif)" title="Death and the Maiden (motif)">Death and the Maiden</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">Lamentation of Christ</a></li>

<li><a href="Macabre" title="Macabre">Macabre</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mono_no_aware" title="Mono no aware">Mono no aware</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sic_transit_gloria_mundi" title="Sic transit gloria mundi">Sic transit gloria mundi</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Personifications of death</a></li>

<li><a href="Vanitas" title="Vanitas">Vanitas</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">Cenotaph</a></li>

<li><a href="Memorial" title="Memorial">Memorial</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Funeral_march" title="Funeral march">Funeral march</a></li>

<li><a href="Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Death_poem" title="Death poem">Death poem</a></li>

<li><a href="Dirge" title="Dirge">Dirge</a></li>

<li><a href="Elegy" title="Elegy">Elegy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elegiac" title="Elegiac">Elegiac</a></li>

<li><a href="Pastoral_elegy" title="Pastoral elegy">Pastoral elegy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Keening" title="Keening">Keening</a></li>

<li><a href="Lament" title="Lament">Lament</a></li>

<li><a href="Obituary_poetry" title="Obituary poetry">Obituary poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Threnody" title="Threnody">Threnody</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Prose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Epitaph" title="Epitaph">Epitaph</a></li>

<li><a href="Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Visual arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Calavera" title="Calavera">Calavera</a></li>

<li><a href="Funerary_art" title="Funerary art">Funerary art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cadaver_monument" title="Cadaver monument">Cadaver monument</a></li>

<li><a href="Death_mask" title="Death mask">Death mask</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gravestone" title="Gravestone">Gravestone</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Wreath#Funeral_and_memorial_wreaths" title="Wreath">Wreath</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Capela_dos_Ossos" title="Capela dos Ossos">Capela dos Ossos</a></li>

<li><a href="Capuchin_Crypt" title="Capuchin Crypt">Capuchin Crypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Catacombs_of_Paris" title="Catacombs of Paris">Catacombs of Paris</a></li>

<li><a href="Sedlec_Ossuary" title="Sedlec Ossuary">Sedlec Ossuary</a></li>

<li><a href="Skull_Chapel" title="Skull Chapel">Skull Chapel</a></li>

<li>Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Seventh_Seal" title="The Seventh Seal">The Seventh Seal</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Danse_macabre_(Saint-Sa%C3%ABns)" title="Danse macabre (Saint-Saëns)">Danse macabre</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Death_and_Transfiguration" title="Death and Transfiguration">Death and Transfiguration</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Der_Tod_und_das_M%C3%A4dchen" title="Der Tod und das Mädchen">Der Tod und das Mädchen</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Erlkönig</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Totentanz_(Liszt)" title="Totentanz (Liszt)">Totentanz</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Painting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Et in Arcadia ego</i>

<ul><li><a href="Et_in_Arcadia_ego_(Guercino)" title="Et in Arcadia ego (Guercino)">Guercino</a></li>

<li><a href="Et_in_Arcadia_ego_(Poussin)" title="Et in Arcadia ego (Poussin)">Poussin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Death_and_Fire" title="Death and Fire">Death and Fire</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Death_and_Life" title="Death and Life">Death and Life</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Death_and_the_Maiden_(Baldung)" title="Death and the Maiden (Baldung)">Death and the Maiden</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Death_and_the_Miser" title="Death and the Miser">Death and the Miser</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Gather_Ye_Rosebuds_While_Ye_May_(Waterhouse_painting_1909)" title="Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May (Waterhouse painting 1909)">Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="La_Calavera_Catrina" title="La Calavera Catrina">La Calavera Catrina</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Plague_(painting)" title="Plague (painting)">Plague</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pyramid_of_Skulls" title="Pyramid of Skulls">Pyramid of Skulls</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Roman_Widow_(Rossetti)" title="Roman Widow (Rossetti)">Roman Widow</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Self-Portrait_with_Death_Playing_the_Fiddle" title="Self-Portrait with Death Playing the Fiddle">Self-Portrait with Death Playing the Fiddle</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Skull_of_a_Skeleton_with_Burning_Cigarette" title="Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette">Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sleep_and_His_Half-Brother_Death" title="Sleep and His Half-Brother Death">Sleep and His Half-Brother Death</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Ambassadors_(Holbein)" title="The Ambassadors (Holbein)">The Ambassadors</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Garden_of_Death" title="The Garden of Death">The Garden of Death</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Shadow_of_Death" title="The Shadow of Death">The Shadow of Death</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Three_Ages_of_Man_and_Death" class="mw-redirect" title="The Three Ages of Man and Death">The Three Ages of Man and Death</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Triumph_of_Death" title="The Triumph of Death">The Triumph of Death</a></i></li></ul>

<ul><li>"<a href="And_death_shall_have_no_dominion" title="And death shall have no dominion">And death shall have no dominion</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Because_I_could_not_stop_for_Death" title="Because I could not stop for Death">Because I could not stop for Death</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Erlk%C3%B6nig" title="Erlkönig">Erlkönig</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night" title="Do not go gentle into that good night">Do not go gentle into that good night</a>"</li></ul>

<ul><li><i><a href="Ars_moriendi" title="Ars moriendi">Ars moriendi</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Bardo_Thodol" title="Bardo Thodol">Bardo Thodol</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></li>

<li><a href="To_be%2C_or_not_to_be" title="To be, or not to be">Hamlet's soliloquy</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Masque_of_the_Red_Death" title="The Masque of the Red Death">The Masque of the Red Death</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-07-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Funerary_text&oldid=1237049473">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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